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Difference Between Waterproof and Water-Repellent: Guide to Rainproof Fabrics

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Difference Between Waterproof and Water-Repellent: Why It Matters

What is the difference between waterproof and water-repellent? And in which situations are the different fabrics more suitable? 

 

These terms are often confused, but they are not synonyms. They describe different levels of protection, achieved through different technologies. Knowing how to distinguish them is essential for sailors, water sports enthusiasts, and outdoor athletes — but also for anyone looking for versatile garments to wear in everyday life. 

 

With autumn bringing the first rains and more unstable weather, understanding these differences becomes even more important. 

What Is a Waterproof Fabric?

A waterproof garment provides complete protection: it doesn’t let water in, even during heavy rain or under pressure from wind or shoulder straps. 

 

This level of protection is achieved through:  

  • Membranes that block water but let vapor escape, ensuring breathability; 
  • Taped seams; 
  • Water-resistant or protected zippers; 
  • External treatments that prevent the fabric from saturating. 

How Is Waterproofness Measured?

The 'water column test' (or hydrostatic pressure test) measures the maximum height of a water column (in millimeters) that the fabric can withstand before droplets start to penetrate. The higher the value is, the more waterproof the garment results.  

 

From 1,000 mm upwards a fabric is considered slightly waterproof, while the best outdoor jackets exceed 10,000 mm and can even reach 20,000 mm.  

  • A person with long hair wears a SLAM FOIL HOODED JACKET in light blue, pulling its breathable hood over their head with one hand. The jacket includes a white zipper, chest logo, and is waterproof. The background is plain light gray.
  • A person with long hair wears a SLAM FOIL WS HOODED JACKET, navy blue, breathable, featuring a white zipper and logo on the chest. The person adjusts the hood with one hand while looking to the side against a plain, light-colored background.

What Does Water-Repellent Mean?

A water-repellent fabric keeps water out thanks to a surface treatment such as DWR (Durable Water Repellent). In practice, droplets don’t penetrate the fabric but instead bead up and slide off.

Features of Water-Repellent Garments

To be considered water-repellent, a garment must offer: 

  • Intermediate protection: effective in light or moderate rain, but not in prolonged downpours; 
  • Lightweight comfort and breathability, greater than fully waterproof gear. 

 

Overall, water-repellent clothing is ideal for both sports and everyday use, especially in changeable weather. 

The Water-Repellency Test

The treatment can wear off with washing and use. To check if a garment is still water-repellent: 

  • If droplets bead on the surface, the treatment is active; 
  • If the fabric absorbs water and darkens, the treatment needs to be renewed. 

How to Care for Waterproof and Water-Repellent Garments?

The DWR treatment is present both in waterproof and water-repellent products, but it tends to degrade over time. However, it can be renewed with specific products that help preserve the garment’s technical features.

  • The person with long hair is wearing the SLAM FOIL WS TECH HOODIE, featuring a navy blue color with water-repellent fabric, and paired with blue patterned shorts. They are standing sideways, smiling slightly at the camera against a plain, light-colored background.
  • Close-up of SLAM's OD CARGO PANT in light grey, crafted from Double Weave stretch fabric. Feature a textured design with a zippered thigh pocket, white logo below the pocket, and water-repellent properties for versatility.

Water Sports and Outdoor Activities: Why Fabric Differences Do Matter

In water sports such as sailing, choosing the right fabric is crucial. Here are some examples of outfits depending on the situation: 

  • Regattas: full protection is needed, such as a waterproof shell with membrane, taped seams, and protected zippers. 
  • Daily commuting in the city: a water-repellent (WR) or durable water-repellent (DWR) fabric is the right choice to stay protected from rain.  

 

Knowing these technical differences helps you choose the right garment for the right occasion, avoiding the risk of being caught unprepared. 

Rainproof Clothing: Reliable Protection in Every Situation

With the arrival of autumn, rainy-day gear becomes more important than ever. SLAM offers a range of rainproof products that combine technology and versatility, providing protection at sea, in sports, and in everyday life.

The Importance of Rainproof Clothing: From Sports to Everyday Life

Understanding the difference between waterproof and water repellent, and the role of water-resistant fabrics, means being ready for any occasion. 

 

At sea, while traveling, or in the city, rainproof clothing is indispensable — especially when the change of season brings unpredictable weather. 

FAQs

1. What is the difference between waterproof and water-repellent? A waterproof garment completely blocks water, even in heavy rain. A water-repellent garment repels water on the surface but only resists light or moderate rain. 

 

2. How is waterproofness measured? The “water column test” measures hydrostatic pressure. In other words, it tests how much water pressure a material can withstand before penetration occurs. The result is expressed in millimeters (mm) and indicates the height of the water column the fabric can resist before leaks start.  

From 1,000 mm the fabric is considered slightly waterproof. At 10,000 mm it has excellent waterproofing, while above 20,000 mm it offers protection even in extreme conditions.  

 

3. Does water repellency last forever? No, frequent washing and wear can reduce its effectiveness. Specific sprays are available to renew the treatment. 

 

4. Which waterproof and water-repellent garments are best for sailing or water sports? It's essential to choose products with fabrics featuring membranes, a waterproof rating above 10,000 mm, and taped seams.  

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